Ukraine war to compound hunger, poverty in Africa, experts say
Experts warn the war in Ukraine could
increase hunger and food insecurity for some people in Africa. Most African
countries import wheat and vegetable oil from Ukraine and Russia, a region now
engulfed in conflict since Russia invaded its neighbor.
African families are feeling the pinch as
prices of essential commodities increase due to persistent drought, the
coronavirus pandemic, and now, the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
The United Nations says Russia and Ukraine
produce 53% of the world’s sunflowers and seeds, and 27% of the world’s wheat.
The U.N. Conference on Trade and Development
figures show Africa imported wheat from the two countries worth $5.1 billion
between 2018-2020.
The study shows at least 25 African countries
import a third of their wheat from Russia and Ukraine, and 15 of them import
more than half from those two countries.
Kenya is one of the African countries
affected by the global food price increase.
The head of policy research and advocacy at
the Kenya Association of Manufacturers, Job Wanjohi, says the cost of importing
wheat to the country has increased by 33%.
“The cost of wheat per ton, of which Kenya is
heavily dependent on Russia and Ukraine, has increased to $460 per ton. Before,
it was $345 per ton and the landing cost in Nairobi is likely to increase from
$500 to $550 per ton. So, the Ukraine-Russia war is aggravating the situation,
food security in the country is concerned,” Wanjoh said.
Vegetable oil prices have also increased.
Malaysia and Indonesia account for 85% of global crude palm oil exports.
Malaysian authorities warned this week the
price of palm oil could reach $2,200 a ton and is expected to remain that way
until the third quarter of the year.
Peter Kamalingin, head of Pan Africa at
charity Oxfam International, says Africa is more vulnerable to food insecurity.
“Relying on the global food chain only means
you are going to be more vulnerable for a long time. Oxfam has said what we
need is investing in small farmers, making them more resilient, bringing
technology that is responsive and sensitive to their unique needs. Small food
producers are still the most important, and our agricultural produce and
extension services, our national budget investment have not been focused on
this. Food sovereignty means producing as much food as possible within the
country, if not within the country at least within the region,” he said.
The U.N.’s International Fund for
Agricultural Development (IFAD) warns that the ongoing war in Ukraine will
escalate global hunger and poverty.
Gerrishon Ikiara, who teaches economics at
the University of Nairobi, says African countries need to build infrastructure
that can help with the movement of goods.
“But also try to see how we can integrate
Africa economies much better, because there are some countries with surplus
food countries like DRC, Uganda, and quite a number of others have the capacity
to feed a big part of Africa if it's properly connected,” Ikiara said.
Experts say intervention, like stabilizing
local markets, cash transfers and creating savings and loan groups, can help
Africa cope and reduce the impact of the global food crisis.
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