UN blames Burundi leaders for mounting violence

The U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights accused Burundi’s authorities on Thursday of dragging the country towards full-blown civil war and called for travel bans and asset freezes targeting key officials to try to halt the bloodshed.

Speaking at a special session of the U.N. Human Rights Council, Zeid Ra’ad al Hussein condemned a campaign of political repression that included beatings, arrests and house-to-house searches in which he said at least 400 people had been killed and nearly 3,500 detained.

As Zeid, other U.N. officials and Western envoys expressed alarm at the escalating violence in a country that only emerged from a 12-year civil war in 2005, the government in Bujumbura insisted it was open to “a broad-based inclusive dialogue”.

The surge of violence in Burundi has unnerved a region that remains volatile two decades after a genocide in neighbouring Rwanda. The country’s current political crisis pits supporters of President Pierre Nkurunziza against opponents who say his re-election in July for a third term violated the constitution.

Tensions have been running particularly high since gunmen attacked military sites in the capital Bujumbura last Friday.

“Burundi is at bursting point, on the very cusp of a civil war,” Zeid told the session of the U.N. Human Rights Council in Geneva, called on the initiative of the United States.

“We have documented 312 killings since public demonstrations against a possible third presidential term (for Nkurunziza) began, including 19 children. Over the last bloody weekend in Bujumbura, government figures indicate that another 87 people were killed, but figures we have received from other sources are considerably higher.”

As well as travel bans and asset freezes, Zeid called for a close monitoring of Burundi’s borders, perhaps by drones, to stop the reported flow of weapons into the African country.

Zeid said the International Criminal Court in The Hague should also get involved, a call backed by the U.N. Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, Adama Dieng.

HIGH STAKES

Dieng urged the establishment of a commission of inquiry to investigate human rights violations with a view to prosecuting those responsible, adding: “No one should underestimate what is at stake. A civil war between 1993 and 2005 cost over 300,000 lives and displaced more than one million people.”

Burundi’s civil war pitted rebel groups of the Hutu majority, including one led by Nkurunziza, against what was then an army led by the Tutsi minority. Rwanda has the same ethnic mix. Dieng said the current crisis was primarily political, but said leaders were also manipulating the ethnic factor.

Human rights activist Pierre Claver Mbonimpa, who was shot through the neck in August, said Nkurunziza, whom he knew as a child, should stand aside.

“I don’t think it will be possible to negotiate with Nkurinziza, who has already begun this genocide,” he said.

Elisa Nkerabirori, an official at Burundi’s Ministry of Human Rights, urged the Council to condemn the opposition, which she said was recruiting children in refugee camps and had attempted a coup d’état and attacks on government officials.

Burundi’s Foreign Minister Alain Nyamitwe told a news conference in Bujumbura on Thursday the government was in favour of talks to end the violence. “‘Yes’ for dialogue, ‘yes’ for a broad-based inclusive dialogue,” he said.